This review evaluates fish myofibrillar proteins (FMPs) as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived synthetic plastics for biodegradable packaging materials. Sourced from various fish species, FMPs are noted for their excellent film-forming abilities, essential for food packaging. The review covers the composition, structure, and properties of FMPs, highlighting their use in producing bioactive, mechanically robust, and eco-friendly films. It explores film preparation methods like casting and laminated techniques, and examines the various properties of FMP films, discussing modification strategies to enhance mechanical strength, barrier properties, thermal stability, and overall functionality. Key techniques such as cross-linking, nanomaterial reinforcement, and bioactive compound integration are explored to address the limitations in packaging properties of FMP films. The review also highlights the introduction of phenolic extracts, essential oil, nano-metal oxides, and anthocyaninin to FMP films, which imparts antimicrobial and smart responsive features, thereby prolonging the shelf life of packaged food products. The review also outlines challenges and provides an in-depth analysis of technological advancements and future research directions in biodegradable packaging. This exploration underscores the potential of FMPs as an important complement to traditional plastics and highlights critical areas of innovation needed for their full application in sustainable packaging. Continued research and development are emphasized to fully harness FMPs' potential as viable, eco-friendly packaging alternatives. All rights reserved, Elsevier.
