In this work, new chitosan derivatives (CS1-CS6) were obtained by short-term hydrothermal treatment. The formation of chitosan derivatives occurred through two simultaneous processes: hydrolysis and Maillard self-reaction. The synthesized chitosan-based Maillard self-reaction products were characterized by physical measurements and spectroscopic methods (viscometry, UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA and XRD). The results showed that hydrothermal treatment of chitosan solutions leads to a significant decrease (from ~ 66500 up to ~ 20150 Da) in the viscosity-average molecular weight of polymer. It has been shown that the antiradical activity of CS1-CS6 was 2-5 times higher in comparison with the activity of unmodified chitosan (1.42 µg ascorbic acid equivalents/mg). The enhanced (R value ≥ 4-5) antimicrobial activity of CS1-CS5 derivatives against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including thermophilic highly heat-resistant Geobacillus stearothermophilus has been demonstrated. All rights reserved, Elsevier.

Keywords
NMR UV SPECTROSCOPY VISCOMETRY X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY HYDROLYSIS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY MAILLARD REACTION MAILLARD REACTION PRODUCTS GEOBACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA CHITOSAN RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY MOL. WT. VISCOSITY HEAT RESISTANCE HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSING
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