To provide a thermal insulation structure which prevents powder dropping, has excellent thermal insulation property, and prevents dripping of dew condensation water, and a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: The thermal insulation structure 1 is assembled with a substrate 10, a thermal insulation layer 20 arranged on a surface of the substrate 10, and a protective layer 30 laminated on the thermal insulation layer 20. The thermal insulation layer 20 has a porous structure having a plurality of grains being connected to each other to form a skeleton, having pores in its inside, having a hydrophobic part at least on its surface among its surface and its inside, and a first aqueous binder, and the protective layer 30 has a second aqueous binder with its thickness of 10 micro m or over and under 100 micro m. The manufacturing method of the thermal insulation structure includes a surface treatment step for surface...