Provided is a visceral fat reducing agent that can reduce visceral fat without dietary restriction and exercise. The active ingredient of the visceral fat reducing agent is R-3-hydroxybutyric acid and/or a salt thereof. The ratio of the R-3-hydroxybutyric acid and/or a salt thereof may be 80 mass percent or more. Said active ingredient may be a mixture of R-3-hydroxybutyric acid and a salt of R-3-hydroxybutyric acid. The composition for reducing visceral fat may contain R-3-hydroxybutyric acid and/or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. The composition may be a composition for reducing visceral fat without exercise and dietary limitation. The composition may be a composition for inhibiting the reduction of subcutaneous fat and reducing visceral fat. None