Structure maintainability of safflomin/betanin incorporated gelatin-chitooligosaccharide complexes based high internal phase emulsions and its combinational 3D printing.

Safflomin A and betanin are incorporated into gelatin-chitooligosaccharide based complexes for stabilizing functional internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), which hold promise in 3D printing. Intermolecular interactions and good compatibility among gelatin, chitooligosaccharide and proper-content bioactive materials promoted the thermal stability (increased from 310.82 to 316.32°C, or from 284.97 to 311.70°C), dispersion stability (high UV absorbance) and microgel particles (around 358.67 or 408.30 nm) of complexes. The complexes illustrated great oil-water interfacial adsorption behaviors (k_diff = 0.29mN m^-1 s^-0.5, π_{1600 =} 21.71mN/m) and dilatational viscoelasticity for interfacial membrane, implying high elasticity and interface stability. The strong droplet membrane and the compact gel network resulted in HIPEs to possess certain chemical stability (low color fading, e.g., under pH = 4), high centrifugation stability, shaking stability and freeze-thaw stability with low-diameter droplets. In addition to the excellent shear-thinning property (n₁ < 1), HIPEs containing safflomin A...