Pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from papaya pulp and papaya peel using response surface methodology: optimization and comparison with hot water extraction.

This article focusses on the pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUSAE) of nutritionally significant bioactive components from papaya pulp (PP) and papaya peel (PPEE) system. The effects of independent process variables such as sonication time (5-20min), extraction temperature (40-70°C), and solid to liquid ratio (loading ratio) (0.2-0.5g/mL) on the yield of response variables such as total flavonoids (TF), total phenols (TP), antioxidant activity (AOA), and vitamin C (VC) from papaya pulp (PP) and papaya peel (PPEE) system were investigated using a face centred design (FCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). For comparative analysis, findings from the hot water extraction process (HWEX) were compared with the optimal results of this study. According to the findings, the bath type pulsed ultrasound-aided system yielded 80.87-169.16mg GAE/g total phenols (TP), 31.29-92.9% antioxidant activity (AOA), and 28.52-164.94mg/100g vitamin C (VC) for the PP case and 97.46-145.44 GAE/g sample total phenols (TP), 97.36-292.2mg QE/g total flavonoids (TF),...