Glutathione and its dependent enzymes' modulatory responses to neonicotinoid insecticide sulfoxaflor induced oxidative damage in zebrafish in vivo.

The use of neonicotinoid insecticides has progressively increased worldwide when compared with other insecticide groups. Due to this increase, non-target animal species such as fish are exposed to neonicotinoids from different sources, so they can be accumulated at trophic levels and cause various toxic effects by reaching humans. There are limited studies related to the toxic effects of neonicotinoid sulfoximine insecticides including sulfoxaflor on non-target species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sulfoxaflor on GSH-related antioxidants and to determine oxidative stress-producing effect of sulfoxaflor in the gill of zebrafish (Danio rerio). For this purpose, three sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor 0.87 mg/L (2.5% of 96 h LC₅₀), 1.75 mg/L (5% of 96 h LC₅₀), 3.51 mg/L (10% of 96 h LC₅₀) of sulfoxaflor were exposed to zebrafish for 24, 48, and 96 h. GSH related antioxidants were evaluated...