Comparison of the effect of milk and pistachio snacks (pistacia vera) consumption on satiety status, body fat percent, and macronutrient intake in overweight or obese women: a randomized controlled trial.

Aim. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of consumption of milk and pistachio as snacks on satiety, body fat percent, and macronutrient intake in overweight or obese women. Methods. In this randomized cross-over trial, sixty overweight and obese women with mean age of 24.42±4.2 years participated. Each Intervention lasted two one-month periods with a 6-day washout period. A visual analogue scale was used to score satiety. To calculate energy intake (macronutrient), a food record was obtained. Body fat percentage was calculated using the Deurenberg formula. Results. At the end of the study, there was not any statistical difference in energy intake at each snack groups (p-value>0.05). Body fat percent for women in the milk group significantly decreased (p-value=0.001). There was not any statistical difference in the area under the curve between pistachio and milk snack groups (226.13±54.5 and 225.16±47.48, respectively, p-value=0.930). Conclusion. The consumption of pistachio...